Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterised by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. It typically develops gradually over time and can significantly limit shoulder mobility and function.

Causes: The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to its development, including:

• Injury or trauma to the shoulder joint
• Prolonged immobilisation of the shoulder, such as after surgery or injury
• Underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, or autoimmune diseases
• Age-related changes in the shoulder joint capsule and surrounding tissues

Symptoms: Common symptoms of frozen shoulder include:

• Gradual onset of shoulder pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion
• Difficulty performing daily activities, such as reaching overhead or behind the back
• Pain that worsens at night, particularly when lying on the affected side
• Progression through three distinct phases: freezing (increasing stiffness and pain), frozen (severe stiffness with limited motion), and thawing (gradual improvement in mobility)

Diagnosis: Diagnosing frozen shoulder typically involves a physical examination, medical history review, and imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI scans. These tests help rule out other potential causes of shoulder pain and stiffness and confirm the diagnosis of frozen shoulder.

Treatment Options: Treatment for frozen shoulder focuses on relieving pain, improving shoulder mobility, and restoring function. Common treatment options include:

• Pain Management: Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroid injections to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation in the shoulder joint.
• Physical Therapy: Targeted exercises and stretches to improve shoulder mobility, strengthen surrounding muscles, and promote healing.
• Ultrasound-Guided Injections: Precise delivery of medication to the affected area using ultrasound guidance, which can enhance the effectiveness of treatment.
• Joint Manipulation or Distension: In some cases, manipulation of the shoulder joint under anaesthesia or joint distension with sterile water may be recommended to help break up adhesions and improve range of motion.
• Surgery: In severe cases that do not respond to conservative treatments, surgical intervention such as arthroscopic release may be necessary to release tight structures and improve shoulder mobility.

Recovery and Rehabilitation: Recovery from frozen shoulder can be gradual and may take several months to years, depending on the severity of the condition and chosen treatment approach. Physical therapy and rehabilitation are essential components of the recovery process to regain strength, mobility, and function in the shoulder joint.

Ultrasound-guided injections can be used to deliver corticosteroids or other medications into the shoulder joint capsule, helping to reduce inflammation and improve range of motion in patients with frozen shoulder.

Contact Us for Evaluation and Treatment: If you're experiencing shoulder pain, stiffness, or limited range of motion, contact us to schedule an evaluation. We specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder conditions, including frozen shoulder, and can develop a personalised treatment plan to help you regain function and mobility in your shoulder.

Subacromial bursitis is a painful condition caused by inflammation of the subacromial bursa, a small fluid-filled sac located between the rotator cuff tendons and the acromion, a bony prominence on the shoulder blade. The bursa acts as a cushion, reducing friction between the tendons and bones during shoulder movements.

Causes:

Subacromial bursitis can develop due to various factors, including:

1. Overuse or repetitive shoulder movements, such as lifting overhead or throwing activities
2. Trauma or injury to the shoulder
3. Degenerative changes associated with aging
4. Poor posture or biomechanics that place excessive stress on the shoulder joint
5. Underlying conditions such as rotator cuff tears or shoulder impingement syndrome

Symptoms:

Common symptoms of subacromial bursitis include:

1. Pain in the shoulder, particularly with overhead movements or reaching behind the back
2. Tenderness and swelling over the top and outer side of the shoulder
3. Difficulty sleeping on the affected side due to discomfort
4. Limited range of motion in the shoulder, especially when raising the arm or lifting objects

Diagnosis:

Your healthcare provider will typically diagnose subacromial bursitis based on your medical history, a physical examination, and imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI scans. These tests help assess the extent of inflammation and rule out other potential causes of shoulder pain.

Treatment:

Treatment for subacromial bursitis aims to reduce pain and inflammation, improve shoulder mobility, and prevent recurrence. Common treatment options include:

1. Rest and Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms and modifying movements to reduce stress on the shoulder joint can help alleviate pain and promote healing.

2. Physical Therapy: Specific exercises and stretches prescribed by a physical therapist can help improve shoulder strength, flexibility, and function, reducing symptoms and preventing future flare-ups.

3. Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroid injections may be prescribed to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation in the shoulder joint.

4. Ultrasound-Guided Injections: Ultrasound-guided injections can deliver medication directly into the inflamed subacromial bursa, providing targeted relief and promoting faster recovery.

5. Surgery: In severe cases that do not respond to conservative treatments, surgical removal of the inflamed bursa (bursectomy) may be recommended to alleviate symptoms and improve shoulder function.

Prevention:

To help prevent subacromial bursitis and reduce the risk of recurrence, it's essential to:

• Practice good posture and ergonomics during daily activities
• Gradually increase the intensity and duration of shoulder exercises or activities
• Use proper lifting techniques and avoid repetitive overhead motions whenever possible
• Incorporate regular shoulder strengthening and stretching exercises into your fitness routine

Contact Us for Evaluation and Treatment:

If you're experiencing shoulder pain or suspect you may have subacromial bursitis, contact us today to schedule a consultation. We specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder conditions and can develop a personalised treatment plan to help alleviate your symptoms and improve your shoulder function.

The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons in the shoulder joint that provide stability and allow for a wide range of motion. Rotator cuff tendinopathy and tears are common causes of shoulder pain and dysfunction.

Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: Rotator cuff tendinopathy refers to irritation, inflammation, or degeneration of the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles. This condition often develops due to repetitive overhead movements, aging, overuse, or poor shoulder mechanics.

Rotator Cuff Tears: Rotator cuff tears involve partial or complete tears of one or more tendons in the rotator cuff. Tears can occur suddenly due to an injury or gradually over time due to wear and tear.

Symptoms: Common symptoms of rotator cuff tendinopathy and tears include:

• Shoulder pain, particularly with overhead movements or lifting objects
• Weakness in the shoulder, especially when attempting to lift or rotate the arm
• Limited range of motion in the shoulder joint
• Pain that worsens at night, particularly when lying on the affected shoulder
• Crepitus or popping sensations with shoulder movements

Diagnosis: Diagnosis of rotator cuff tendinopathy and tears typically involves a physical examination, medical history review, and imaging studies such as MRI or ultrasound. These tests help determine the extent of the injury and guide treatment decisions.

Treatment Options: Treatment for rotator cuff tendinopathy and tears may include:

• Rest and Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that aggravate symptoms and modifying daily activities to reduce strain on the shoulder joint.
• Physical Therapy: Targeted exercises and stretches to strengthen the rotator cuff muscles, improve shoulder mechanics, and restore range of motion.
• Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroid injections to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.
• Ultrasound-Guided Injections: Precise delivery of medication to the affected area using ultrasound guidance, which can enhance the effectiveness of treatment.
• Surgery: In cases of severe rotator cuff tears that do not respond to conservative treatment, surgical repair may be necessary to restore shoulder function.

Recovery and Rehabilitation: Recovery from rotator cuff tendinopathy and tears may require several weeks to months, depending on the severity of the injury and the chosen treatment approach. Physical therapy and rehabilitation are essential components of the recovery process to regain strength, mobility, and function in the shoulder joint.

Contact Us for Evaluation and Treatment: If you're experiencing shoulder pain or suspect you may have a rotator cuff injury, contact us to schedule a consultation.We specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder conditions and can develop a personalised treatment plan to help you recover and regain function in your shoulder.

Calcific tendinitis is a condition characterised by the accumulation of calcium deposits within a tendon, typically in the shoulder area. These deposits can cause inflammation, pain, and limited mobility in the affected joint.

Symptoms:

• Shoulder Pain: Persistent or intermittent pain in the shoulder, often worsening at night or with certain movements.
• Stiffness: Difficulty moving the shoulder joint, especially when reaching overhead or behind the back.
• Tenderness: The affected area may feel tender to the touch.
• Weakness: Difficulty lifting or carrying objects due to pain and discomfort.
• Painful Movements: Pain may be triggered or exacerbated by specific shoulder movements.

Causes:

• Calcium Deposits: The exact cause is not fully understood, but it's believed that calcium deposits form within the tendon, leading to irritation and inflammation.
• Age: More common in individuals between 30 and 50 years old.
• Gender: Occurs more frequently in women than in men.

Treatment Options:

1. Conservative Management:

   • Rest and Activity Modification: Avoid activities that worsen symptoms and modify movements to reduce strain on the shoulder.
   • Physical Therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises to improve shoulder mobility and stability.
   • Medications: Pain relievers (e.g., ibuprofen) or prescription medications to manage pain and inflammation.
   • Heat and Ice Therapy: Applying heat or ice packs can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.

2. Minimally Invasive Procedures:

   • Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT): Shock waves break up calcium deposits and promote healing.
   • Ultrasound-Guided Needle Aspiration: A needle is used to remove calcium deposits under ultrasound guidance.

3. Surgical Intervention:

   • In severe cases or when conservative treatments fail, surgical removal of calcium deposits may be necessary.

Rehabilitation:

• Physical Therapy: Structured program to restore strength, mobility, and function to the shoulder.
• Gradual Return to Activities: Reintroduce activities gradually to prevent re-injury.

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Posture and Body Mechanics: Maintain good posture and use proper body mechanics during activities to reduce strain on the shoulder.
• Avoid Overuse: Limit repetitive overhead movements that exacerbate symptoms.

Diagnosis:

Medical History and Physical Examination:

• Your Joint Care Specialist will ask about your symptoms and medical history.
• A physical exam will assess shoulder range of motion, strength, and tenderness.

Imaging Tests:

• X-rays: Can detect calcium deposits and assess for other shoulder abnormalities.
• Ultrasound: Provides real-time images to visualize calcium deposits and assess the integrity of the tendon.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides detailed images of soft tissues, helpful in evaluating the extent of tendon involvement and identifying other shoulder issues.

Other Diagnostic Tests:

• Blood Tests: Rarely used but may help rule out other conditions causing shoulder pain.

Ultrasound-guided injections can target calcium deposits within the rotator cuff tendons, delivering medication to dissolve the deposits and alleviate associated pain and inflammation.

Contact Us for Evaluation and Treatment: If you're experiencing shoulder pain, weakness, or instability, contact us to schedule an evaluation. We specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder conditions, and can develop a personalised treatment plan to help you manage your symptoms and improve your shoulder function.

Shoulder arthritis is a condition characterised by inflammation and degeneration of the shoulder joint, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

Types of Shoulder Arthritis:

1. Osteoarthritis: Also known as "wear and tear" arthritis, osteoarthritis occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones in the shoulder joint gradually wears away over time.
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks the lining of the joint (synovium), leading to inflammation, pain, and eventual joint damage.
3. Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Develops following a severe shoulder injury or fracture, causing damage to the joint surfaces and leading to arthritis over time.

Symptoms:

• Shoulder Pain: Persistent or intermittent pain in the shoulder joint, particularly with movement or weight-bearing activities.
• Stiffness: Difficulty moving the shoulder joint, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
• Swelling: Swelling or tenderness around the shoulder joint.
• Limited Range of Motion: Difficulty lifting the arm overhead or reaching behind the back due to pain and stiffness.
• Grinding Sensation: Some patients may experience a grinding or clicking sensation (crepitus) with shoulder movement.

Diagnosis:

Medical History and Physical Examination:

• Your Joint Care Specialist will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any previous injuries or conditions that may contribute to shoulder pain.
• A physical exam will assess shoulder range of motion, strength, stability, and any areas of tenderness or swelling. Special tests such as the Neer's test or Hawkins-Kennedy test may be performed to assess for impingement or other shoulder pathology.

Imaging Tests:

• X-rays: Can assess for joint space narrowing, osteophyte (bone spur) formation, and other signs of arthritis in the shoulder joint.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides detailed images of soft tissues, helpful in evaluating the integrity of ligaments, tendons, and the joint capsule. It can also assess for inflammation and damage to the cartilage and bone.

Diagnostic Injections:

• Steroid Injection: A diagnostic injection of corticosteroid into the shoulder joint can help determine if arthritis is the source of your pain. If the injection provides temporary relief, it suggests that the arthritis is contributing to your symptoms.

Blood Tests:

• In cases of suspected rheumatoid arthritis, blood tests such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies may be ordered to help confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment:

Treatment for shoulder arthritis aims to relieve pain, improve function, and preserve joint mobility. Options may include rest, activity modification, physical therapy, medications (such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis), corticosteroid injections, viscosupplementation injections, and in severe cases, surgery such as shoulder arthroplasty (joint replacement) or shoulder arthroscopy to remove damaged tissue.

Early intervention can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Contact Us for Evaluation and Treatment: If you're experiencing shoulder pain, weakness, or instability, contact us to schedule an evaluation. We specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder conditions, and can develop a personalised treatment plan to help you manage your symptoms and improve your shoulder function.

Shoulder impingement syndrome occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles and the bursa (a fluid-filled sac) in the shoulder become compressed or pinched, leading to pain and inflammation. 

Symptoms:

• Shoulder Pain: Persistent pain in the shoulder, especially when reaching overhead or behind the back.
• Weakness: Difficulty lifting or carrying objects due to pain and discomfort.
• Stiffness: Limited range of motion in the shoulder joint.
• Painful Movements: Pain may worsen with specific shoulder movements, such as reaching or lifting.

Causes:

• Repetitive Movements: Overuse or repetitive overhead movements (e.g., throwing, painting) can lead to irritation and inflammation of the tendons and bursa in the shoulder.
• Anatomical Factors: Certain anatomical variations, such as a curved or hooked acromion (a bony projection of the shoulder blade), can increase the risk of impingement.
• Poor Posture: Slouching or poor posture can contribute to shoulder impingement by narrowing the space between the acromion and the rotator cuff tendons.

Treatment Options:

1. Conservative Management:

   • Rest and Activity Modification: Avoid activities that worsen symptoms and modify movements to reduce strain on the shoulder.
   • Physical Therapy: Strengthening exercises to improve shoulder stability and range of motion, along with stretching to alleviate stiffness.
   • Medications: Pain relievers (e.g., ibuprofen) or prescription medications to manage pain and inflammation.
   • Ice and Heat Therapy: Alternating between ice packs and heat therapy can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.

2. Minimally Invasive Procedures:

   • Corticosteroid Injections: Injections into the shoulder joint can provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation.
   • Ultrasound-Guided Needle Aspiration: Fluid may be drained from the bursa to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.

3. Surgical Intervention:

   • In cases where conservative measures fail to provide relief or in severe impingement, surgical intervention may be necessary.
   • Surgical procedures may include subacromial decompression, in which the surgeon removes or reshapes the acromion to create more space for the rotator cuff tendons.

Rehabilitation:

• Physical Therapy: Structured program to strengthen the rotator cuff muscles, improve shoulder mechanics, and restore range of motion.
• Gradual Return to Activities: Reintroduce activities gradually to prevent re-injury.

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Posture Correction: Maintaining good posture and avoiding activities that promote slouching can help reduce strain on the shoulder.
• Ergonomic Adjustments: Making ergonomic adjustments to workstations and equipment can help prevent repetitive strain on the shoulder.

Diagnosis:

Medical History and Physical Examination:

• Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any activities or movements that worsen your shoulder pain.
• A physical exam will assess shoulder range of motion, strength, and tenderness. Special tests such as the Neer and Hawkins-Kennedy tests may be performed to reproduce impingement symptoms.

Imaging Tests:

• X-rays: Can assess for anatomical variations in the shoulder, such as a curved or hooked acromion.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides detailed images of soft tissues, helpful in evaluating the integrity of the rotator cuff tendons and identifying any tears or inflammation.

Injections guided by ultrasound can deliver medication directly into the affected area, such as the subacromial space or coracoid process, helping to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain associated with shoulder impingement syndrome.

Contact Us for Evaluation and Treatment: If you're experiencing shoulder pain, weakness, or instability, contact us to schedule an evaluation. We specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder conditions, and can develop a personalised treatment plan to help you manage your symptoms and improve your shoulder function.

Glenohumeral joint arthritis, also known as shoulder arthritis, is a condition characterised by the inflammation and degeneration of the cartilage in the shoulder joint. This can lead to pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility in the shoulder.

Causes: Glenohumeral joint arthritis can develop as a result of several factors, including:

• Wear and tear of the cartilage in the shoulder joint over time (osteoarthritis)
• Previous shoulder injuries or trauma
• Inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus
• Genetics and family history of arthritis
• Overuse or repetitive movements of the shoulder joint

Symptoms: Common symptoms of glenohumeral joint arthritis include:

• Persistent shoulder pain, particularly with movement or weight-bearing activities
• Stiffness and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint
• Swelling and tenderness around the shoulder joint
• Difficulty performing daily activities such as reaching overhead or behind the back
• Crepitus or grinding sensation with shoulder movements

Diagnosis: Diagnosing glenohumeral joint arthritis typically involves a physical examination, medical history review, and imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI scans. These tests help assess the extent of cartilage degeneration and rule out other potential causes of shoulder pain and stiffness.

Treatment Options: Treatment for glenohumeral joint arthritis focuses on relieving pain, improving shoulder function, and slowing the progression of joint degeneration. Common treatment options include:

• Pain Management: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroid injections to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation in the shoulder joint.
• Physical Therapy: Targeted exercises and stretches to improve shoulder mobility, strengthen surrounding muscles, and reduce stiffness.
• Ultrasound-Guided Injections: Precise delivery of medication to the affected area using ultrasound guidance, which can enhance the effectiveness of treatment.
• Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that aggravate shoulder pain and modifying movements to reduce strain on the joint.
• Surgery: In severe cases that do not respond to conservative treatments, surgical options such as shoulder arthroplasty or joint replacement may be considered to restore function and alleviate pain.

Recovery and Rehabilitation: Recovery from glenohumeral joint arthritis can vary depending on the severity of the condition and chosen treatment approach. Physical therapy and rehabilitation are often recommended to improve shoulder strength, flexibility, and function and promote long-term joint health.

Ultrasound-guided injections can target specific joints affected by arthritis in the shoulder, delivering corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid, or other medications to reduce pain and inflammation and improve function.

Contact Us for Evaluation and Treatment: If you're experiencing shoulder pain, stiffness, or limited range of motion, contact us to schedule an evaluation. We specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder conditions, including glenohumeral joint arthritis, and can develop a personalised treatment plan to help you manage your symptoms and improve your shoulder function.

AC joint arthritis, also known as acromioclavicular joint arthritis, refers to the degeneration of the cartilage in the joint where the acromion (a bony projection of the shoulder blade) meets the clavicle (collarbone). This condition can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness in the shoulder area, particularly when lifting the arm or performing overhead activities.

Symptoms:

• Pain: Persistent or intermittent pain around the top of the shoulder.
• Swelling: Swelling or tenderness at the AC joint.
• Stiffness: Limited range of motion, especially when reaching overhead or across the body.
• Grinding Sensation: Some patients may experience a grinding or clicking sensation with movement.

Causes:

• Degenerative Changes: Over time, wear and tear on the joint can lead to cartilage breakdown and arthritis.
• Trauma: Previous injuries such as a shoulder dislocation or repetitive strain can contribute to AC joint arthritis.
• Age: The risk of developing AC joint arthritis increases with age, as cartilage naturally wears down over time.

Treatment Options:

1. Conservative Management:

   • Rest and Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms and modifying movements to reduce stress on the joint.
   • Physical Therapy: Strengthening exercises to improve shoulder stability and range of motion, along with stretching to alleviate stiffness.
   • Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers (e.g., ibuprofen, acetaminophen) or prescription medications to manage pain and inflammation.
   • Ice and Heat Therapy: Alternating between ice packs and heat therapy can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.
   • Steroid Injections: Corticosteroid injections into the AC joint can provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation.

2. Surgical Intervention:

   • In cases where conservative measures fail to provide relief, surgical options may be considered.
   • Surgical procedures may include AC joint resection, in which a portion of the clavicle is removed to alleviate pain and improve joint function.

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Posture: Maintaining good posture can help reduce stress on the shoulders and prevent worsening of symptoms.
• Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce strain on the joints and alleviate symptoms of arthritis.
• Activity Modification: Avoiding repetitive overhead movements and activities that exacerbate shoulder pain can help prevent further damage to the joint.

Ultrasound-guided injections can be used to deliver medication directly into the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, helping to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain associated with arthritis or separation of the AC joint.

Contact Us for Evaluation and Treatment: If you're experiencing shoulder pain, weakness, or instability, contact us to schedule an evaluation. We specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder conditions, and can develop a personalised treatment plan to help you manage your symptoms and improve your shoulder function.

Bicipital tendinitis, also known as biceps tendinitis, is a condition characterised by inflammation or irritation of the long head of the biceps tendon, which runs along the front of the upper arm and attaches to the shoulder joint.

Causes: Bicipital tendinitis can develop due to several factors, including:

• Overuse or repetitive movements of the shoulder joint, such as lifting heavy objects or performing overhead activities
• Shoulder instability or impingement, which can put excessive stress on the biceps tendon
• Shoulder injuries or trauma, such as falls or sudden impacts
• Degenerative changes associated with aging or wear and tear of the shoulder joint
• Poor posture or biomechanics that place strain on the biceps tendon

Symptoms: Common symptoms of bicipital tendinitis include:

• Pain or tenderness in the front of the shoulder, particularly with overhead movements or lifting objects
• Pain that radiates down the front of the arm, sometimes extending to the elbow
• Weakness or instability in the shoulder joint
• Swelling or inflammation around the biceps tendon
• Crepitus or popping sensations with shoulder movements

Diagnosis: Diagnosing bicipital tendinitis typically involves a physical examination, medical history review, and imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI scans. These tests help assess the extent of inflammation and rule out other potential causes of shoulder pain and dysfunction.

Treatment Options: Treatment for bicipital tendinitis aims to reduce pain, inflammation, and improve shoulder function. Common treatment options include:

• Rest and Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that aggravate symptoms and modifying movements to reduce strain on the biceps tendon.
• Ice Therapy: Applying ice packs to the affected area to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.
• Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroid injections to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation in the shoulder joint.
• Physical Therapy: Targeted exercises and stretches to improve shoulder mobility, strengthen surrounding muscles, and reduce strain on the biceps tendon.
• Ultrasound-Guided Injections: Precise delivery of medication to the affected area using ultrasound guidance, which can enhance the effectiveness of treatment.
• Surgery: In severe cases that do not respond to conservative treatments, surgical intervention such as biceps tenodesis or tenotomy may be considered to relieve symptoms and improve shoulder function.

Recovery and Rehabilitation: Recovery from bicipital tendinitis can vary depending on the severity of the condition and chosen treatment approach. Physical therapy and rehabilitation are often recommended to improve shoulder strength, flexibility, and function and prevent future flare-ups.

Injections guided by ultrasound can target the inflamed long head of the biceps tendon, delivering corticosteroids or other medications to reduce pain and swelling associated with bicipital tendinitis.

Contact Us for Evaluation and Treatment: If you're experiencing shoulder pain, weakness, or instability, contact us to schedule an evaluation. We specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder conditions, including bicipital tendinitis, and can develop a personalised treatment plan to help you manage your symptoms and improve your shoulder function.

Labral tears in the shoulder refer to injuries to the labrum, a ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of the shoulder joint. These tears can cause pain, instability, and limited range of motion in the shoulder.

Symptoms:

• Shoulder Pain: Persistent pain in the shoulder joint, particularly with overhead movements or when reaching behind the back.
• Catching or Locking Sensation: Some patients may experience a sensation of catching, locking, or popping in the shoulder joint.
• Weakness: Difficulty in performing activities that involve lifting or carrying objects.
• Instability: Feeling as though the shoulder may "pop out" of joint or is unstable during certain movements.
• Decreased Range of Motion: Limited ability to move the shoulder through its full range of motion, especially when reaching overhead or across the body.

Causes:

• Trauma: Labral tears can result from acute injuries such as falls, direct blows to the shoulder, or sudden jerking motions.
• Repetitive Movements: Overuse or repetitive movements of the shoulder, common in sports such as baseball, swimming, or volleyball, can lead to labral tears over time.
• Degenerative Changes: Aging and wear and tear on the shoulder joint can contribute to the development of labral tears.

Treatment Options:

1. Conservative Management:

   • Rest and Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms and modifying movements to reduce stress on the shoulder joint.
   • Physical Therapy: Strengthening exercises to improve shoulder stability, along with stretching to enhance flexibility and range of motion.
   • Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers (e.g., ibuprofen, acetaminophen) or prescription medications to manage pain and inflammation.
   • Steroid Injections: Corticosteroid injections into the shoulder joint can provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation.

2. Surgical Intervention:

   • In cases where conservative measures fail to provide relief or in severe tears, surgical repair may be necessary.
   • Arthroscopic surgery is a minimally invasive procedure in which a surgeon uses small instruments and a camera to repair the torn labrum.

Rehabilitation:

• Physical Therapy: Following surgery, a structured physical therapy program is typically prescribed to help restore strength, mobility, and function to the shoulder.
• Gradual Return to Activities: Patients should gradually reintroduce activities and sports under the guidance of their healthcare provider to prevent re-injury.

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Proper Technique: Using proper techniques and equipment during physical activities can help reduce the risk of shoulder injuries.
• Warm-Up and Cool Down: Incorporating warm-up and cool-down exercises into exercise routines can help prepare the muscles and joints for activity and reduce the risk of injury.
• Avoid Overuse: Avoiding overuse of the shoulder joint and taking breaks during repetitive activities can help prevent strain and injury.

In some cases, ultrasound-guided injections can assist in delivering medication directly to the site of labral tears in the shoulder, aiding in pain management and promoting healing.

Contact Us for Evaluation and Treatment: If you're experiencing shoulder pain, weakness, or instability, contact us to schedule an evaluation. We specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder conditions, and can develop a personalised treatment plan to help you manage your symptoms and improve your shoulder function.

Posterior capsular tightness, also known as posterior capsule contracture or posterior shoulder tightness, is a condition characterised by the reduced flexibility and mobility of the posterior capsule of the shoulder joint. 

Symptoms:

• Shoulder Stiffness: Difficulty moving the shoulder joint, particularly when reaching behind the back or across the body.
• Limited Range of Motion: Reduced ability to move the shoulder through its full range of motion, especially in internal rotation (bringing the arm behind the back) and horizontal adduction (bringing the arm across the body).
• Shoulder Pain: Dull, achy pain in the back of the shoulder, especially with movements that stretch the posterior capsule.

Causes:

• Repetitive Movements: Overuse or repetitive movements that involve reaching forward or overhead can lead to tightness and contracture of the posterior capsule.
• Prolonged Immobilisation: After a period of immobilisation, such as wearing a sling after shoulder surgery or injury, the posterior capsule may become stiff and tight.
• Postural Factors: Poor posture, such as rounded shoulders or forward head posture, can contribute to the development of posterior capsular tightness.

Treatment Options:

1. Stretching Exercises:

   • Posterior Capsule Stretch: Gentle stretching exercises targeting the posterior capsule can help improve flexibility and mobility of the shoulder joint.
   • Cross-Body Stretch: Stretching the shoulder by bringing the arm across the body can also help alleviate tightness.

2. Physical Therapy:

   • Manual Therapy: Hands-on techniques performed by a physical therapist to mobilise and stretch the posterior capsule.
   • Strengthening Exercises: Strengthening the muscles surrounding the shoulder joint can help improve stability and support.

3. Modalities:

   • Heat Therapy: Applying heat to the shoulder before stretching exercises can help loosen tight tissues and improve flexibility.
   • Ultrasound or Electrical Stimulation: These modalities may be used by physical therapists to promote tissue relaxation and reduce pain.

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Posture Correction: Improving posture by maintaining proper alignment of the shoulders and spine can help prevent exacerbation of posterior capsular tightness.
• Ergonomic Adjustments: Making ergonomic adjustments to workstations and equipment to reduce strain on the shoulders and promote better posture.

Diagnosis:

Physical Examination:

• Your Joint Care Specialist will perform a physical examination of your shoulder, assessing range of motion, strength, stability, and any areas of tenderness.
• Special tests such as the posterior capsule stretch test or internal rotation deficit test may be performed to assess for posterior capsular tightness.

Imaging Tests:

• X-rays: Can assess for any bony abnormalities or conditions that may contribute to shoulder stiffness.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides detailed images of soft tissues, helpful in evaluating the integrity of the shoulder joint structures, including the capsule.

Functional Assessment:

• Your healthcare provider may assess your functional abilities, such as reaching behind your back or across your body, to determine the extent of shoulder tightness and limitation.

 Early intervention can help prevent further stiffness and improve shoulder function.

Ultrasound-guided injections can deliver medication to the posterior shoulder capsule, helping to improve range of motion and reduce pain associated with posterior capsular tightness.

Contact Us for Evaluation and Treatment: If you're experiencing shoulder pain, weakness, or instability, contact us to schedule an evaluation. We specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder conditions, and can develop a personalised treatment plan to help you manage your symptoms and improve your shoulder function.

Glenohumeral instability refers to a condition where the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder becomes unstable, leading to partial or complete dislocation of the joint. 

Symptoms:

• Shoulder Dislocation: Sensation of the shoulder "popping out" of place, either partially (subluxation) or completely.
• Pain: Sudden, sharp pain in the shoulder during or after activities that involve overhead movements or forceful impacts.
• Weakness: Feeling of weakness in the shoulder, particularly when attempting to lift or carry objects.
• Instability: Frequent episodes of the shoulder feeling loose or unstable, especially during certain movements or activities.

Causes:

• Trauma: Acute injury or trauma, such as a fall or forceful impact to the shoulder, can cause glenohumeral instability.
• Anatomical Factors: Certain anatomical variations, such as ligament laxity or shallow shoulder socket (glenoid), can predispose individuals to instability.
• Repetitive Strain: Overuse or repetitive overhead movements (e.g., throwing, swimming) can contribute to shoulder instability over time.

Treatment Options:

1. Conservative Management:

   • Rest and Immobilisation: Resting the shoulder and immobilising it with a sling to allow healing of injured structures.
   • Physical Therapy: Strengthening exercises to improve shoulder stability and range of motion, along with stretching to alleviate stiffness.
   • Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms or increase the risk of shoulder dislocation.
   • Bracing: Use of supportive braces or taping techniques to provide stability to the shoulder joint.

2. Minimally Invasive Procedures:

   • Arthroscopic Surgery: In some cases, arthroscopic surgery may be performed to repair torn ligaments or labral tears contributing to instability.

3. Surgical Intervention:

   • In cases where conservative measures fail to provide relief or in severe instability, surgical intervention may be necessary.
   • Surgical procedures may include shoulder stabilisation surgery, such as Bankart repair or capsular shift, to restore stability to the joint.

Rehabilitation:

• Physical Therapy: Structured program to strengthen the shoulder muscles, improve proprioception (awareness of joint position), and restore range of motion.
• Gradual Return to Activities: Reintroduce activities gradually under the guidance of a healthcare professional to prevent re-injury.

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Avoid Overuse: Limiting repetitive overhead movements and activities that exacerbate symptoms can help prevent further strain on the shoulder.
• Proper Technique: Using proper techniques and equipment during physical activities to reduce the risk of injury.

Diagnosis:

Medical History and Physical Examination:

• Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, previous shoulder injuries, and any activities that worsen your symptoms.
• A physical exam will assess shoulder range of motion, strength, stability, and tenderness. Special tests such as the apprehension and relocation tests may be performed to assess for instability.

Imaging Tests:

• X-rays: Can assess for fractures or dislocations and evaluate the bony structures of the shoulder joint.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides detailed images of soft tissues, helpful in evaluating the integrity of ligaments, tendons, and labrum in the shoulder.

Diagnostic Procedures:

• Arthroscopy: In cases where imaging tests are inconclusive or to confirm the diagnosis, arthroscopic examination of the shoulder joint may be performed.

Early intervention can help prevent further injury and improve outcomes.

Ultrasound-guided injections can be used to deliver medication into the shoulder joint or surrounding structures to help stabilise the shoulder and reduce symptoms associated with instability.

Contact Us for Evaluation and Treatment: If you're experiencing shoulder pain, weakness, or instability, contact us to schedule an evaluation. We specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder conditions, and can develop a personalised treatment plan to help you manage your symptoms and improve your shoulder function.