Glenohumeral Joint Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder

Glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis, also known as shoulder osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease that affects the cartilage in the shoulder joint. The glenohumeral joint is the main joint of the shoulder, where the head of the upper arm bone (humerus) meets the shoulder blade (scapula). Osteoarthritis occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility in the shoulder joint.

The primary causes and risk factors for glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis include:

1. Age: Osteoarthritis is more common in older adults, as wear and tear on the joints accumulate over time.
2. Previous Shoulder Injuries: Traumatic injuries to the shoulder, such as fractures or dislocations, can increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis later in life.
3. Overuse or Repetitive Stress: Activities that involve repetitive overhead movements or excessive stress on the shoulder joint, such as lifting heavy objects or participating in certain sports, can contribute to the development of osteoarthritis.
4. Genetics: Certain genetic factors may predispose individuals to developing osteoarthritis.
5. Obesity: Excess body weight can increase the strain on the shoulder joint, accelerating the degenerative process.

Symptoms of glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis may include:

• Shoulder Pain: Dull, aching pain in the shoulder joint, particularly with movement or weight-bearing activities.
• Stiffness: Stiffness in the shoulder joint, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
• Decreased Range of Motion: Difficulty moving the shoulder through its full range of motion, especially when raising the arm or reaching behind the back.
• Swelling: Swelling or tenderness in the shoulder joint, particularly around the affected area.

Treatment for glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis aims to alleviate symptoms, improve function, and preserve mobility. Conservative treatment options may include:

1. Pain Management: Over-the-counter or prescription medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroid injections, may help reduce pain and inflammation in the shoulder joint.
2. Physical Therapy: Strengthening exercises, stretching, and range of motion exercises prescribed by a physical therapist can help improve shoulder function and mobility.
3. Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms and modifying movement patterns to reduce strain on the shoulder joint.
4. Assistive Devices: Using assistive devices such as braces, slings, or supportive equipment may help stabilize the shoulder joint and reduce pain during daily activities.
5. Surgical Intervention: In severe cases of glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis that do not respond to conservative treatments, surgical options such as shoulder arthroplasty (joint replacement) may be considered to restore function and alleviate pain.

It’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan tailored to your specific condition and needs. Early intervention and appropriate management can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for individuals with glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis.